A virtual private server (VPS) is a popular hosting environment for small and big businesses and website owners. It splits the physical main server into multiple private server environments that share resources. With VPS, businesses can host their websites in a cost-effective, scalable, and efficient way. However, setting up a VPS hosting environment involves a series of steps, the first of which is understanding a few basics, including how this server works.
VPS working mechanism
With a VPS or a virtualized server, the hosting provider splits a physical server into multiple virtual environments, each getting their dedicated resources, such as RAM and CPU. Here, several VPSs work on a single physical server without any interference.
VPS vs. shared hosting vs. dedicated hosting
A VPS is much more flexible than a shared hosting system yet less expensive than the most flexible option—dedicated hosting. While VPS is a hosting solution in which the physical server is split into virtual servers that each get dedicated resources, in shared hosting, resources are shared among all users on the server. In this regard, a VPS will offer better control, more performance, and impressive security measures for a business. On the other hand, a dedicated server allows one to rent complete physical hardware and get exclusive access to the physical server at a much higher cost than VPS hosting offers. So, a virtual private server might be an affordable yet flexible solution, especially for small businesses.
Tips for setting up a VPS
1. Choose the right package and provider
The first step in setting up the VPS is choosing the right VPS hosting provider. To do that, one must first consider a few things.
Traffic: The amount of traffic the website or application expects should dictate the choice of a VPS plan and provider, as the chosen option must offer ample bandwidth and processing power.
Disk space: The amount of storage required for databases, files, and media will also influence the choice of the VPS plan, as the service should come with enough storage to meet current and future needs.
Resource needs: Businesses must evaluate the CPU and RAM required to deliver optimal performance when choosing a VPS hosting package. Resource-rich packages ensure smooth operation and handling during peak traffic time.
Pricing: As VPS hosting plans are available at different prices, one must pick an option that offers value for money.
Operating system: The chosen VPS package must align with the operating system the business uses, whether it is Windows, macOS, or Linux.
Control panel options: A VPS with a control panel, like cPanel or Plesk, offers a user-friendly interface for tasks such as website, database, and email management.
One can also look for a hosting package that comes with an easy virtual private server setup tutorial. Additionally, one must consider factors like reputation, reliable customer support, and competitive pricing before deciding on a package.
2. Access VPS via Secure Shell protocol
After purchasing the VPS hosting package, the next step is establishing a secure server connection. SSH or Secure Shell protocol is the standard method for securely accessing the VPN’s command line interface over encrypted channels. The protocol is essential for setting up the VPS, which will enable one to carry out various tasks, including installing software and configuring server settings.
3. Optimize VPS performance
One must ensure the VPS is using the latest software versions via updates. Frequent updates are essential for improving server performance, security, and stability. Outdated software could leave the system vulnerable to security threats and performance issues.
4. Create a non-root user account
By default, when accessing the server, one would be a root user with all the privileges. This allows one to make important changes to the system. However, operating as root is risky, as a single mistake could trigger multiple issues. So, one must create non-root user accounts with the help of prompts or a user manual. For the secondary account, one can grant relevant privileges and customize access or enhance security by disabling root user logins. One must remember to test a new account by logging out from the current session and using the new user’s login details to access the system.
5. Implement public key authentication
While setting up a username and password may seem enough to protect a server, boosting login authentication is crucial for preventing cyberattacks when using a VSP hosting environment. On a local computer, one can generate an SSH key pair consisting of a private and public key that authenticate every login, making unauthorized access more challenging.
6. Configure a firewall
Firewalls serve as a barrier between the server and the internet, controlling incoming and outgoing traffic based on preset rules. One can set up the firewall using SSH protocol to log into the server, check for existing rules before creating new ones, and define which services they want to allow through the barrier. After this, one must establish default policies for handling traffic, save the rules, and test the firewall.
7. Host a website with VPS
After setting up the VPS for their business, one can use it to host a website by following a few steps.
- First, one must install a web server and other essential software, like Apache and Nginx.
- Then, one must set up a database server like MySQL or MariaDB for dynamic websites.
- One can then install PHP (a scripting language) if the website uses it and adjust the configuration files of the server to ensure it aligns with website requirements.
- Then, one can upload the website files to the server to a directory such as /var/www/html.
- The last step is testing the website using the VPS’s IP address to ensure it runs smoothly.
One can also rely on step-by-step VPS setup guides or professionals to start using the server quickly.